Demonstrative Pronouns. Further Uses of αὐτός.

§102

Th declension of οὗτος, this, is as follows: Sing. Plur. M. Ἐς N. M. ¥. N.

The puzzling variations between ov and av in the first syllable of this word may be fixed in the memory if it be observed that an o-vowel (in the diphthong ov) stands in the first syllable where an o-vowel (ο or the long of it, ω) stands in the second syllable, and an a-vowel (in the diphthong av) stands in the first syllable where an a-vowel (α or the closely related vowel η) stands in the second syllable.

§103

The declension of ἐκεῖνος, that, is like the declension of adjectives in -os ,-n,-ov,except that ἐκεῖνο stands instead of ἐκεῖνον in the nominative and accusative singular neuter.

§104

1. οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are frequently used with nouns. When they are so used, the noun with which they are used has the article, and they themselves stand in the predicate, not in the attributive, position (see §§68-74).

Examples: This word, οὗτος ὁ Χόγος or ὁ λόγος οὗτος; that word, ἐκεῖνος ὁ λόγος Or ὁ λόγος ἐκεῖνος; I see this church, βλέπω ταύτην τὴν ἐκκλησίαν (or τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ταὐτην); these words, οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι OF οἱ λόγοι οὗτοι; those words, ἐκεῖνοι οἱ λόγοι or οἱ λόγοι ἐκεῖνοι; this good word, οὗτος ὁ καλὸς λόγος or ὁ καλὸς λόγος οὗτος.

2. οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are frequently used by themselves, without nouns.

Examples: οὗτος, this man (or this person); αὕτη, this woman; τοῦτο, this thing; οὗτοι, these men; αὗται, these women ; ταῦτα, these things.

§105

In addition to its use as a personal pronoun of the third person, αὐτός is also used as follows:

1. It has an intensive use with nouns. When so used it stands in the predicate position.

Examples: αὐτὸς ὁ ἀπόστολος or ὁ ἀπόστολος αὐτός, the apostle himself; αὐτὴ ἡ ἐκκλησία or ἡ ἐκκλησία αὐτή, the church ttself ; αὐτὸ τὸ δῶρον or τὸ δῶρον αὐτό, the gift itself.

2. It is often used with nouns to mean same. When so used it stands in the attributive position.

Examples: ὁ αὐτὸς ἀπόστολος or ὁ ἀπόστολος ὁ αὐτός, the same apostle ; ἡ αὐτὴ ἐκκλησία or ἡ ἐκκλησία ἡ αὐτή, the same church, etc.

3. In its intensive use it often goes with pronouns or with the unexpressed subject of a verb.

Examples: αὐτὸς ἔγὼ λέγω or αὐτὸς λέγω, I myself say;

αὐτὸς σὺ λέγεις or αὐτὸς λέγεις, thou thyself sayest; αὐτὸς λέγει, he himself says; αὐτὴ λέγει, she herself says; αὐτὸ λέγει, τὲ ctself says; αὐτοὶ ἡμεῖς λέγομεν or αὐτοὶ λέγομεν, we ourselves say ; αὐτοὶ ὑμεῖς λέγετε or αὐτοὶ λέγετε, ye yourselves say ; αὐτοὶ λέγουσιν, they themselves say. _

§106

The principal uses of adjectives and of the pronouns studied thus far may be reviewed as follows:

My word = ὁ λόγος μου. His word = ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ. I see him = βλέπω αὐτόν. I see this man = βλέπω τοῦτον.